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Basic metal cutting: tool materials and tool construction – Tools – Hardware Industry

Tool Part by cutting and clamping components.

Gripping part is used to clamp the machine tool parts, tool requirements can ensure the correct working position, pass the required movement and power, and reliable clamping, loading and unloading easy.

Cutting part is directly involved in the cutting tool on the part of the work, cutting tool of the pros and cons, depending on the cutting part of the material, angle and structure.

1. Tool Materials

1. The basic requirements of the tool material

Cutting tool material is part of the material. It is working under high temperature and are subjected to greater pressure, friction, shock and vibration, it should have the following basic properties.

(1) the higher hardness of tool material must be higher than the hardness of workpiece material hardness, room temperature hardness of 60HRC or more generally. (2) have sufficient strength and toughness to withstand the cutting forces, shock and vibration. (3) have better wear resistance to resist wear during the cutting process, cutting time to maintain certain. (4) high heat resistance to high temperatures to maintain a higher hardness, also known as red or hot hard hard. (5) has good technology, so as to create a variety of tools. Process of including forging, rolling, welding, machining, grinding and heat treatment capabilities.

Currently do not have a tool material to fully meet those requirements. Therefore, we must understand the properties of materials commonly used tools and features to the performance under the workpiece material and cutting requirements, the appropriate choice of tool materials.

2. Commonly used tool materials

Now commonly used in cutting tool materials are: carbon Tool Steel, alloy tool steel, high speed steel, carbide and ceramic materials.

(1) Carbon tool steel

High quality carbon steel, high hardness after quenching, low price, but poor heat resistance.

(2) alloy tool steel

Carbon tool steel in a small amount of Cr, W, Mn, Si and other elements to form alloy tool steel. Used to produce some of the cutting speed is not high or hand tools, such as File Knife, Saw Article reamer, etc..

The current production of the most widely used cutting tool material is high-speed steel and carbide.

(3) high-speed steel

It is with W, Cr, V more alloying elements such as alloy tool steel. Its heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance slightly lower than carbide, but the strength and toughness are higher than the carbide, carbide process of relatively good and the price lower than carbide.

W18Cr4V is the most widely used tool material, widely used in the manufacture of various shapes more complex tools, such as twist drills, Mills , Broaches, gear shaping tools and other tools, etc..

(4) Carbide

It is a high hardness, high melting point metal carbide (WC, TiC, etc.) as matrix, such as Co metal binder, powder metallurgy method using an alloy made of.

Characteristics: its high hardness, good wear resistance, high heat resistance, allowing the cutting speed several times higher than the high-speed steel, but its strength and toughness than those of high-speed steel is low, process of not as high-speed steel.

Use: often made of various types of blades, welding or clamping the Turning tool , Planer, end mill cutter body, etc.
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