Sumitomo Electric
Forklift trucks
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History of forklift trucks
The forerunner of modern forklift trucks (in Dutch – heftrucks) already appeared in late XIX — early XX centuries. In 1906 Pennsylvania Railway offered the first electric drive platform for baggage transporting that was used in railway stations. Up-to-date forklift trucks appeared in late 1920s thanks to several American and European companies, that made independent investigations. The first world war stimulated the development of this sphere, because of the lack of labour force. Several engineers began to design the equipment for warehouses independently at the same time. Hyster’s lumber carrier and Clar Equipment’s sand transporter are considered to be the forerunners of industrial loaders.
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The second world war accelerated the development of loaders’ manufacturing, mainly in the USA. American company — Hyster provided American army with the loaders, and after the war they stayed in Europe rebuilding ruined cities and became legendary thanks to their power and reliability. After the war the reconstruction of European economy led to prosperity of German forklift trucks manufacturers: Jungheinrich, Linde, STILL GmbH and Steinbock. Nowadays in the world of forklift trucks, as well as among automobile manufacturers there is tendency of economies integration taking-up and merging. For many years the top ten of forklift trucks manufacturers are: Toyota, Lion Group (Linde, STILL GmbH brands), Nacco Industries (Hyster, Yale brands), Jungheinrich, Crown, Mitsubishi/Caterpillar, Komatsu, Kalmar, Nissan. Today the loaders are developing significantly. Many forklift trucksmanufacturers pay attention not only to functional characteristics, but to design of the machines as well. They are devised with the last technical achievements.
World market of warehouse forklift trucks
World leading ten of forklift manufacturers (2008-2009)
Company Annual turnover, mln. euros Trade Marks Headquarters
Toyota. 4842 Toyota, Raymond Aichi, Japan
Kion Group. 4554 Linde, STILL GmbH, OM Pimespo Wiesbaden, Hamburg, Germany
NACCO Industries 1969 Hyster, Yale, Shinko, Sumitomo Cleveland, Ohio
Jungheinrich AG 1901 Jungheinrich Hamburg, Germany
Cargotec 1516 Kalmar Finland
Crown Equipment Co. 1355 Crown New Bremen, Ohio
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 1153 Mitsubishi, Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift, Sagamihara Machinery Works Sagimura, Japan
Manitou 1009 Manitou France
Komatsu 890 Komatsu, Tusk Tokyo, Japan
Nissan/Barret 740 Nissan, Atlet, Barrett Tokyo, Japan
In the second ten of manufacturers there is a tendency in Chinese companies development, that displace older manufacturers. For example 3 years ago PRC manufacturers weren’t even in the top twenty.
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Thanks to performance reliability, forklift trucks are considered to work for many years in warehouse conditions. After the crisis in 2009 the amount of sales of used forklift trucks has begun to rise. With 3-4 years of exploitation forklift trucks have quite salable price – €4000-7000. Economies of many countries overcome the recession and this leads to recovery of not only the manufacturing, but of logistics as well.
Types of forklift trucks
Nowadays there are lots of different models and modifications of forklift trucks. Moreover, there isn’t any general accepted classification. The most commonly used classification is ITA:
- class I – electric motor forklift trucks;
- class II – electric motor narrow aisle trucks (more specialised lifter trucks, reach trucks, side loaders – BAUMANN, HUBTEX, Combilift).
- class III – stapelaars, reach trucks;
- class IV – Internal Combustion Engine forklift trucks - Cushion Tires Only;
- class V – Internal Combustion Engine forklift trucks – Pneumatic Tires Only;
- class VI – Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors;
- class VII – Rough Terrain ForkLift Trucks (for work in difficult road conditions).
This classification doesn’t reflect some specific characteristics, so nowadays very few manufacturers abide it in public offerings.
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